Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes-related eye condition caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). Over time, high blood sugar levels can weaken and block these vessels, leading to vision impairment and in severe cases, blindness. DR often develops without early symptoms, making regular screening essential for timely detection and treatment. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, so does the