Written By: Astrid Richardson  Edited by: Inaaya Mahek The USA’s extraction of President Nicolás Maduro of Venezuela on the 3rd January 2026 has shocked the international community, and been the focal point of news discussions for weeks. [1] The sheer audacity required to begin the year with such a bold statement leaves the feeling that Donald Trump has crossed some kind of line; whether that is the line between criminality and lawfulness or the line between passiveness and s

Written by: Salma Awad  Edited by: Violet So Introduction  For centuries, chemistry was characterised by change: energy is transferred between atoms, bonds break and form, and reactants change into products. However, chemistry was limited to indirect observation of reactions for the majority of its history. Before and after reactions, scientists examined stable molecules and measured reaction rates. But, the actual process of atoms rearranging themselves was still unknown. Th

Written By: Kara Storey-Hind  Edited by: Violet So  This article examines what pain really is and why different individuals experience it in unique ways. It will look further into comparing the biological and psychological reasons behind pain tolerances and thresholds, and discuss ways of improving pain tolerance. Additionally, this article will explore interesting examples of instances where our brain interprets pain in particularly peculiar ways. Moreover, it can be proven

By Dheeksha Dronamraju  Edited By: Aiza Shahzad  Traditional economic theory assumes that individuals are rational and act in their own best interests. Under this assumption, people carefully assess information and maximise their   welfare. As a result, those with high intellect and education should consistently make good   financial choices, but this is often not the case. Many intelligent individuals struggle with debt,   fail to save for retirement, or make risky financial

Written By: Giselle Wong  Edited by: Aiza Shahzad Capitalism is an economic and political system in which private owners control a country’s trade and industry for profit. Private ownership can lead to various problems due to the nature of capitalism, which aims to maximise profits. For example, in this article, I will discuss the negative effects it has on consumers' body image and why it benefits firms.  Why and how do companies make money through insecurity?  The primary m